diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/.idea/misc.xml b/refactoring/flappy-bird/.idea/misc.xml
index cbec6ae..e122dea 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/.idea/misc.xml
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/.idea/misc.xml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
       </list>
     </option>
   </component>
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_X" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-23" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_23" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-23" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
     <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
   </component>
 </project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Audio.java b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Audio.java
index b6a2252..f11348f 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Audio.java
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Audio.java
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
-package com.example.flappybird; /**
+/**
  * Audio.java
  * Plays all sound effects
  *
  * @author  Paul Krishnamurthy
  */
 
+package com.example.flappybird;
+
 import javax.sound.sampled.AudioInputStream;
 import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem;
 import javax.sound.sampled.Clip;
 import java.net.URL;
 
 public class Audio {
-	private void playSound (String sound) {
 
+	private void playSound (String sound) {
 		// Path to sound file
 		String soundPath = "/res/sound/" + sound + ".wav";
 
diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Bird.java b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Bird.java
index bcbce8f..9d1f6e2 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Bird.java
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Bird.java
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-package com.example.flappybird; /**
+/**
  * Bird.java
  * Handles bird's state and actions
  *
  * @author  Paul Krishnamurthy
  */
 
-import com.example.flappybird.states.GameState;
+package com.example.flappybird;
 
+import com.example.flappybird.states.GameState;
 import java.awt.*;
 import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
@@ -15,26 +16,21 @@ public class Bird extends HasPosition {
 
 	// Bird attributes
 	public String color;
-
 	private boolean isAlive = true;
 	
 	// Bird constants
-	private int FLOAT_MULTIPLIER      = -1;
-	public final int BIRD_WIDTH       = 44;
-	public final int BIRD_HEIGHT      = 31;
-	private final int BASE_COLLISION  = 521 - BIRD_HEIGHT - 5;
-	private final int SHIFT           = 10;
-	private final int STARTING_BIRD_X = 90;
-	private final int STARTING_BIRD_Y = 343;
-	
-	// Physics variables
-	private double velocity           = 0;
-	private double gravity            = .41;
-	private double delay              = 0;
-	private double rotation           = 0;
+	private int FLOAT_MULTIPLIER = -1;
+	public final int BIRD_WIDTH = 44;
+	public final int BIRD_HEIGHT = 31;
+	private final int BASE_COLLISION = 521 - BIRD_HEIGHT - 5;
 
-	// Bird sprites
-	private BufferedImage[] sprites;
+    // Physics variables
+	private double velocity = 0;
+	private final double gravity = .41;
+	private double delay = 0;
+
+    // Bird sprites
+	private final BufferedImage[] sprites;
 
 	private static double currentFrame = 0;
 
@@ -46,30 +42,16 @@ public class Bird extends HasPosition {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * @return     Bird's x-coordinate
+	 * @return If bird is alive
 	 */
-	public int getX () {
-		return x;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @return     Bird's y-coordinate
-	 */
-	public int getY () {
-		return y;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @return     If bird is alive
-	 */
-	public boolean isAlive () {
+	public boolean isAlive() {
 		return isAlive;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Kills bird
 	 */
-	public void kill () {
+	public void killBird() {
 		isAlive = false;
 	}
 
@@ -77,15 +59,14 @@ public class Bird extends HasPosition {
 	 * Set new coordinates when starting game
 	 */
 	public void setGameStartPos () {
-		x = STARTING_BIRD_X;
-		y = STARTING_BIRD_Y;
+        x = 90;
+        y = 343;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Floating bird effect on menu screen
 	 */
 	public void menuFloat () {
-
 		y += FLOAT_MULTIPLIER;
 
 		// Change direction within floating range
@@ -101,22 +82,19 @@ public class Bird extends HasPosition {
 	 * Bird jump
 	 */
 	public void jump () {
-
 		if (delay < 1) {
-			velocity = -SHIFT;
+            int SHIFT = 10;
+            velocity = -SHIFT;
 			delay = SHIFT;
 		}
-
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Bird movement during the game
 	 */
-	public void inGame () {
-
+	public void inGameBorders () {
 		// If the bird did not hit the base, lower it
 		if (y < BASE_COLLISION) {
-
 			// Change and velocity
 			velocity += gravity;
 
@@ -125,9 +103,7 @@ public class Bird extends HasPosition {
 
 			// Add rounded velocity to y-coordinate
 			y += (int) velocity;
-
 		} else {
-
 			// Play audio and set state to dead
 			GameState.audio.hit();
 			isAlive = false;
@@ -139,9 +115,8 @@ public class Bird extends HasPosition {
 	 * Renders bird
 	 */
 	public void renderBird (Graphics g) {
-
 		// Calculate angle to rotate bird based on y-velocity
-		rotation = ((90 * (velocity + 25) / 25) - 90) * Math.PI / 180;
+        double rotation = ((90 * (velocity + 25) / 25) - 90) * Math.PI / 180;
 		
 		// Divide for clean jump
 		rotation /= 2;
diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/FlappyBird.java b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/FlappyBird.java
index 264590d..06892bd 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/FlappyBird.java
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/FlappyBird.java
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-package com.example.flappybird; /**
+/**
  * FlappyBird.java
  * Main game class
  *
  * @author  Paul Krishnamurthy
  */
 
+package com.example.flappybird;
+
 import javax.swing.*;
 import java.awt.event.*;
 import java.awt.Toolkit;
@@ -20,7 +22,6 @@ public class FlappyBird extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
 	private static final int DELAY = 12;
 
 	public FlappyBird () {
-
 		super("Flappy Bird");
 		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 		setSize(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
@@ -46,9 +47,8 @@ public class FlappyBird extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
 		}
 	}
 
-
 	public static void main(String[] args) {
-		FlappyBird game = new FlappyBird();
+		new FlappyBird();
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/GamePanel.java b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/GamePanel.java
index 9334669..53f28ec 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/GamePanel.java
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/GamePanel.java
@@ -1,32 +1,24 @@
-package com.example.flappybird; /**
+/**
  * GamePanel.java
  * Main game panel
  *
  * @author  Paul Krishnamurthy
  */
 
+package com.example.flappybird;
+
 import com.example.flappybird.states.GameState;
 import com.example.flappybird.states.MenuState;
-
 import java.awt.*;
 import java.awt.event.*;
 import javax.swing.*;
-import java.net.URI;
-import java.util.Random;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
-import java.io.FileInputStream;
-import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
-import java.util.Calendar;
 
 public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, MouseListener {
 	// Textures
 	private GameState gameState;
-	
-	public boolean ready = false;                   // If game has loaded
 
+	// If game has loaded
+	public boolean ready = false;
 
 	public GamePanel () {
 		setGameState(new MenuState(this));
@@ -42,6 +34,10 @@ public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, MouseListener {
 		addMouseListener(this);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Sets the current game state.
+	 * @param state New GameState
+	 */
 	public void setGameState(GameState state) {
 		System.out.println("Switching to state: " + state.getClass().getName());
 		this.gameState = state;
diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Highscore.java b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Highscore.java
index c19b9c3..839ddb2 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Highscore.java
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Highscore.java
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
-package com.example.flappybird; /**
+/**
  * Highscore.java
  * Handles setting and getting highscores
  *
  * @author  Paul Krishnamurthy
  */
 
+package com.example.flappybird;
+
 import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.Scanner;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
-import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
-
 
 public class Highscore {
-
 	// Read / Write to file setup
 	private static final String FILE_PATH = "/res/data/highscore.dat";
-
 	private static final URL dataURL = Highscore.class.getResource(FILE_PATH);
-
 	private static final File dataFile;
 
+	// Highscore
+	private int bestScore;
+
 	static {
 		try {
 			assert dataURL != null;
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@ public class Highscore {
 		}
 	}
 
-	private static Scanner dataScanner    = null;
-
-	// Highscore
-	private int bestScore;
+	private static Scanner dataScanner = null;
 
 	public Highscore () {
 
@@ -54,7 +51,7 @@ public class Highscore {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * @return     Player's highscore
+	 * @return Player's highscore
 	 */
 	public int bestScore () {
 		return bestScore;
@@ -62,20 +59,18 @@ public class Highscore {
 
 	/**
 	 * Sets new highscore in the data file
-	 * 
-	 * @param newBest     New score update
+	 * @param newBest New score update
 	 */
 	public void setNewBest (int newBest) {
-
 		// Set new best score
 		bestScore = newBest;
 
 		try {
 			// Write new highscore to data file
-			PrintWriter dataWriter = new PrintWriter(FILE_PATH, "UTF-8");
-			dataWriter.println(Integer.toString(newBest));
+			PrintWriter dataWriter = new PrintWriter(FILE_PATH, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+			dataWriter.println(newBest);
 			dataWriter.close();
-		} catch (FileNotFoundException | UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+		} catch (IOException e) {
 			System.out.println("Could not set new highscore!");
 		}
 
diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Pipe.java b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Pipe.java
index 76d4fb5..73be0ae 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Pipe.java
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Pipe.java
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-package com.example.flappybird;
-
 /**
  * Pipe.java
  * Handles collisions and rendering for pipes
@@ -7,6 +5,8 @@ package com.example.flappybird;
  * @author  Paul Krishnamurthy
  */
 
+package com.example.flappybird;
+
 public class Pipe extends HasPosition {
 	// Placement (top or bottom) of pipe
 	String location;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public class Pipe extends HasPosition {
 		super.x = FlappyBird.WIDTH + 5; // Reset x-coordinate
 
 		// Set boundaries for top pipes
-		// This y-coordinte + PIPE_SPACING will be for the bottom pipe
+		// This y-coordinate + PIPE_SPACING will be for the bottom pipe
 		if (location.equals("top")) {
 			super.y = - Math.max((int) (Math.random() * 320) + 30, 140);
 		}
@@ -46,9 +46,8 @@ public class Pipe extends HasPosition {
 
 	/**
 	 * Checks for bird colliding with pipe
-	 *
-	 * @param  bird   The bird.
-	 * @return        If bird is colliding with the pipe
+	 * @param  bird The bird.
+	 * @return If bird is colliding with the pipe
 	 */
 	public boolean collide (Bird bird) {
 		// Do not allow bird to jump over pipe
@@ -64,8 +63,7 @@ public class Pipe extends HasPosition {
 
 	/**
 	 * Set's pipe's y-coordinate (for bottom pipes)
-	 * 
-	 * @param newY     New y-coordinate
+	 * @param newY New y-coordinate
 	 */
 	public void setY (int newY) {
 		y = newY;
diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Sprites.java b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Sprites.java
index 115b8f7..eb35405 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Sprites.java
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Sprites.java
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-package com.example.flappybird; /**
+/**
  * Sprites.java
  * Cuts up the main sprite sheet
  *
  * @author  Paul Krishnamurthy
  */
 
+package com.example.flappybird;
+
 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
 import java.awt.Graphics2D;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.File;
 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -18,14 +19,13 @@ public class Sprites {
 	// Resize factor to match frame size
 	private static final double RESIZE_FACTOR = 2.605;
 
-	private static BufferedImage spriteSheet = null;
-
-	// HashMap of texture objects
-	private static HashMap<String, Texture> textures = new HashMap<String, Texture>();
+    // HashMap of texture objects
+	private static final HashMap<String, Texture> textures = new HashMap<String, Texture>();
 
 	public Sprites () {
 		// Try to load sprite sheet, exit program if cannot
-		try {
+        BufferedImage spriteSheet = null;
+        try {
 			String fontPath = "/res/img/spriteSheet.png";
 			URL fontUrl = this.getClass().getResource(fontPath);
 			assert fontUrl != null;
diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Texture.java b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Texture.java
index 923a44e..9aae5ce 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Texture.java
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Texture.java
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-package com.example.flappybird; /**
+/**
  * Texture.java
  * Stores data for game textures
  *
  * @author  Paul Krishnamurthy
  */
 
+package com.example.flappybird;
+
 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
 import java.awt.Rectangle;
 
@@ -36,6 +38,5 @@ public class Texture extends HasPosition {
 	public Rectangle getRect () {
 		return rect;
 	}
-
 }
 
diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/GameState.java b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/GameState.java
index db54bc8..64564ae 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/GameState.java
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/GameState.java
@@ -41,16 +41,15 @@ public abstract class GameState {
 
 	protected int score;           // Player score
 	protected int pipeDistTracker; // Distance between pipes
-	protected boolean inStartGameState = false;       // To show instructions scren
-	protected Point clickedPoint = new Point(-1, -1); // Store point when player clicks
+
 	protected boolean scoreWasGreater;                // If score was greater than previous highscore
-	protected String medal;                           // Medal to be awarded after each game
+
+	protected Point clickedPoint = new Point(-1, -1); // Store point when player clicks
 	public static ArrayList<Pipe> pipes;                   // Arraylist of Pipe objects
 
 	protected static boolean darkTheme;                      // Boolean to show dark or light screen
 
 	protected static Bird gameBird;
-	protected final static Highscore highscore = new Highscore();
 
 	public GamePanel gamePanel;
 
diff --git a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/PlayState.java b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/PlayState.java
index 2f84d26..1050db7 100644
--- a/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/PlayState.java
+++ b/refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/PlayState.java
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.example.flappybird.states;
 
 import com.example.flappybird.FlappyBird;
 import com.example.flappybird.GamePanel;
+import com.example.flappybird.Highscore;
 import com.example.flappybird.Pipe;
 
 import javax.swing.*;
@@ -10,13 +11,16 @@ import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
 import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
 
 public class PlayState extends GameState {
+    protected boolean inStartGameState = false;       // To show instructions screen
+    protected String medal;                           // Medal to be awarded after each game
+
+    protected final Highscore highscore = new Highscore();
 
     public PlayState(GamePanel panel) {
         super(panel);
     }
 
     public void startGameScreen (Graphics g) {
-
         // Set bird's new position
         gameBird.setGameStartPos();
 
@@ -29,7 +33,6 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
         g.drawImage(textures.get("instructions").getImage(),
                 textures.get("instructions").getX(),
                 textures.get("instructions").getY(), null);
-
     }
 
     /**
@@ -159,7 +162,7 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
             if (gameBird.isAlive()) {
                 if (p.collide(gameBird)) {
                     // Kill bird and play sound
-                    gameBird.kill();
+                    gameBird.killBird();
                     audio.hit();
                 } else {
 
@@ -245,7 +248,7 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
             } else {
                 // Start game
                 pipeHandler(g);
-                gameBird.inGame();
+                gameBird.inGameBorders();
             }
 
             drawBase(g);                      // Draw base over pipes
@@ -300,12 +303,10 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
             // On game over screen, allow restart and leaderboard buttons
             if (isTouching(textures.get("playButton").getRect())) {
                 inStartGameState = true;
-                gamePanel.setGameState(new PlayState(gamePanel));
-                restart();
+                gamePanel.setGameState(this);
                 gameBird.setGameStartPos();
-
+                restart();
             } else if (isTouching(textures.get("leaderboard").getRect())) {
-
                 // Dummy message
                 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(gamePanel,
                         "We can't access the leaderboard right now!",