finish refactoring

refactoring/flappy-bird/.idea/misc.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
       </list>
     </option>
   </component>
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_23" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-23" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_X" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-23" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
     <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
   </component>
 </project>

refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/Bird.java

@@ -106,9 +106,7 @@ public class Bird extends HasPosition {
 	/**
 	 * Bird movement during the game
 	 */
-	public void inGameBorders () {
+	public void moveBird() {
-		// If the bird did not hit the base, lower it
-		if (y < BASE_COLLISION) {
 		// Change and velocity
 		velocity += gravity;
 
@@ -117,18 +115,16 @@ public class Bird extends HasPosition {
 
 		// Add rounded velocity to y-coordinate
 		y += (int) velocity;
-		} else {
-			// Play audio and set state to dead
-			FlappyBird.audio.hit();
-			isAlive = false;
 	}
 
+	public boolean collidesWithBase() {
+		return y >= BASE_COLLISION;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Renders bird
 	 */
-	public void renderBird (Graphics g) {
+	public void paintBird(Graphics g) {
 		// Calculate angle to rotate bird based on y-velocity
         double rotation = ((90 * (velocity + 25) / 25) - 90) * Math.PI / 180;
 		

refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/GamePanel.java

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, MouseListener {
 	// Store point when player clicks
 	protected Point clickedPoint = new Point(-1, -1);
 
+	// Background
+	protected static int[] backgroundPosition = { 0, 435 };
+
 	public GamePanel () {
 		setGameState(new MenuState(this));
 
@@ -50,16 +53,49 @@ public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, MouseListener {
 	/**
 	 * To start game after everything has been loaded
 	 */
+	@Override
 	public void addNotify() {
 		super.addNotify();
-		requestFocusInWindow(); // Ensures the panel gains focus
+		requestFocusInWindow();
 		ready = true;
 	}
 
+	public void moveBase(Graphics g) {
+		// Set font and color
+		g.setFont(FlappyBird.flappyFontReal);
+		g.setColor(Color.white);
+
+		// Only move screen if bird is alive
+		if (GameState.gameBird.isAlive()) {
+			// Move base
+			// Moving base effect
+			int baseSpeed = 2;
+			backgroundPosition[0] = backgroundPosition[0] - baseSpeed < -435 ? 435 : backgroundPosition[0] - baseSpeed;
+			backgroundPosition[1] = backgroundPosition[1] - baseSpeed < -435 ? 435 : backgroundPosition[1] - baseSpeed;
+		}
+
+		// Background
+		g.drawImage(FlappyBird.darkTheme ? FlappyBird.textures.get("background2").getImage() :
+				FlappyBird.textures.get("background1").getImage(), 0, 0, null);
+
+		// Draw bird
+		GameState.gameBird.paintBird(g);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Needs to be called differently based on screen
+	 */
+	public void paintBase(Graphics g) {
+		// Moving base effect
+		g.drawImage(FlappyBird.textures.get("base").getImage(), backgroundPosition[0], FlappyBird.textures.get("base").getY(), null);
+		g.drawImage(FlappyBird.textures.get("base").getImage(), backgroundPosition[1], FlappyBird.textures.get("base").getY(), null);
+
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
 		super.paintComponent(g);
-		gameState.renderGameState(g);
+		gameState.paintGameState(g);
 	}
 
 	//////////////////////

refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/GameState.java

@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ public abstract class GameState {
 	// Game variables //
 	////////////////////
 
-	// Background
-	protected static final int[] baseCoords = { 0, 435 };
-
 	// Player score
 	protected int score;
 
@@ -33,7 +30,7 @@ public abstract class GameState {
 	public static ArrayList<Pipe> pipes;
 
 	// Game bird
-	protected static Bird gameBird;
+	public static Bird gameBird;
 
 	// Game panel
 	public GamePanel gamePanel;
@@ -46,7 +43,6 @@ public abstract class GameState {
 	 * Restarts game by resetting game variables
 	 */
 	public void restart () {
-
 		// Reset game statistics
 		score = 0;
 		pipeDistTracker = 0;
@@ -59,41 +55,7 @@ public abstract class GameState {
 		pipes = new ArrayList<Pipe>();
 	}
 
-	public void prepareScreen(Graphics g) {
+	public abstract void paintGameState(Graphics g);
-		// Set font and color
-		g.setFont(FlappyBird.flappyFontReal);
-		g.setColor(Color.white);
-
-		// Only move screen if bird is alive
-		if (gameBird.isAlive()) {
-			// Move base
-			// Moving base effect
-			int baseSpeed = 2;
-			baseCoords[0] = baseCoords[0] - baseSpeed < -435 ? 435 : baseCoords[0] - baseSpeed;
-			baseCoords[1] = baseCoords[1] - baseSpeed < -435 ? 435 : baseCoords[1] - baseSpeed;
-		}
-
-		// Background
-		g.drawImage(FlappyBird.darkTheme ? FlappyBird.textures.get("background2").getImage() :
-				FlappyBird.textures.get("background1").getImage(), 0, 0, null);
-
-		// Draw bird
-		gameBird.renderBird(g);
-	}
-
-	public abstract void renderGameState(Graphics g);
-
-	/**
-	 * Needs to be called differently based on screen
-	 */
-	public void drawBase (Graphics g) {
-
-		// Moving base effect
-		g.drawImage(FlappyBird.textures.get("base").getImage(), baseCoords[0], FlappyBird.textures.get("base").getY(), null);
-		g.drawImage(FlappyBird.textures.get("base").getImage(), baseCoords[1], FlappyBird.textures.get("base").getY(), null);
-
-	}
-
 	public abstract void handleKeyboardEvent(KeyEvent e);
 	public abstract void handleMouseEvent(MouseEvent e);
 }

refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/MenuState.java

@@ -14,32 +14,16 @@ public class MenuState extends GameState {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void renderGameState(Graphics g) {
+    public void paintGameState(Graphics g) {
-        prepareScreen(g);
+        gamePanel.moveBase(g);
+        gamePanel.paintBase(g);
 
-        drawBase(g);
+        paintMenu(g);
-        drawMenu(g);
 
         gameBird.menuFloat();
     }
 
-    /**
+    protected void paintMenu(Graphics g) {
-     * Draws a string centered based on given restrictions
-     *
-     * @param s     String to be drawn
-     * @param w     Constraining width
-     * @param h     Constraining height
-     * @param y     Fixed y-coordinate
-     */
-    public void drawCentered (String s, int w, int h, int y, Graphics g) {
-        FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
-
-        // Calculate x-coordinate based on string length and width
-        int x = (w - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2;
-        g.drawString(s, x, y);
-    }
-
-    protected void drawMenu (Graphics g) {
         // Title
         g.drawImage(FlappyBird.textures.get("titleText").getImage(),
                 FlappyBird.textures.get("titleText").getX(),
@@ -57,15 +41,29 @@ public class MenuState extends GameState {
                 FlappyBird.textures.get("rateButton").getY(), null);
 
         // Credits :p
-        drawCentered("Created by Paul Krishnamurthy", FlappyBird.WIDTH, FlappyBird.HEIGHT, 600, g);
+        paintCenteredText("Created by Paul Krishnamurthy", 600, g);
         g.setFont(FlappyBird.flappyMiniFont); // Change font
-        drawCentered("www.PaulKr.com", FlappyBird.WIDTH, FlappyBird.HEIGHT, 630, g);
+        paintCenteredText("www.PaulKr.com", 630, g);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Draws a string centered based on given restrictions
+     *
+     * @param text String to be drawn
+     * @param yPos Fixed y-coordinate
+     */
+    protected void paintCenteredText(String text, int yPos, Graphics g) {
+        FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
+
+        // Calculate x-coordinate based on string length and width
+        int x = (FlappyBird.WIDTH - fm.stringWidth(text)) / 2;
+        g.drawString(text, x, yPos);
     }
 
     /**
      * Tries to open the review url in default web browser
      */
-    public void openReviewUrl() {
+    protected void openReviewUrl() {
         try {
             if (Desktop.isDesktopSupported()) {
                 Desktop.getDesktop().browse(new URI("http://paulkr.com"));

refactoring/flappy-bird/src/main/java/com/example/flappybird/states/PlayState.java

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 package com.example.flappybird.states;
 
-import com.example.flappybird.FlappyBird;
+import com.example.flappybird.*;
-import com.example.flappybird.GamePanel;
-import com.example.flappybird.Highscore;
-import com.example.flappybird.Pipe;
 
 import javax.swing.*;
 import java.awt.*;
@@ -23,7 +20,42 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
         super(panel);
     }
 
-    public void startGameScreen (Graphics g) {
+    @Override
+    public void paintGameState(Graphics g) {
+        gamePanel.moveBase(g);
+
+        if (gameBird.isAlive()) {
+            // Start at instructions state
+            if (inStartGameState) {
+                paintStartScreen(g);
+            }
+            else {
+                // Start game
+                movePipes(g);
+                gameBird.moveBird();
+                if(gameBird.collidesWithBase()) {
+                    // Play audio and set state to dead
+                    gameBird.killBird();
+                    FlappyBird.audio.hit();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Draw base over pipes
+            gamePanel.paintBase(g);
+
+            // Draw player score
+            paintScore(g, score, false, 0, 0);
+        }
+        else {
+            movePipes(g);
+            gamePanel.paintBase(g);
+
+            // Draw game over assets
+            paintScoreBoard(g);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void paintStartScreen(Graphics g) {
         // Set bird's new position
         gameBird.setGameStartPos();
 
@@ -44,9 +76,9 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
      * @param mini Boolean for drawing small or large numbers
      * @param x X-coordinate to draw for mini numbers
      */
-    public void drawScore (Graphics g, int drawNum, boolean mini, int x, int y) {
+    public void paintScore(Graphics g, int drawNum, boolean mini, int x, int y) {
         // Char array of digits
-        char[] digits = ("" + drawNum).toCharArray();
+        char[] digits = (String.valueOf(drawNum)).toCharArray();
 
         // Calculate width for numeric textures
         int takeUp = 0;
@@ -65,7 +97,8 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
 
         // Draw every digit
         for (char digit : digits) {
-            g.drawImage(FlappyBird.textures.get((mini ? "mini-score-" : "score-") + digit).getImage(), drawScoreX, (mini ? y : 60), null);
+            Texture texture = FlappyBird.textures.get((mini ? "mini-score-" : "score-") + digit);
+            g.drawImage(texture.getImage(), drawScoreX, (mini ? y : 60), null);
 
             // Size to add varies based on texture
             if (mini) {
@@ -79,7 +112,7 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
     /**
      * Moves and repositions pipes
      */
-    public void pipeHandler (Graphics g) {
+    protected void movePipes(Graphics g) {
 
         // Decrease distance between pipes
         if (gameBird.isAlive()) {
@@ -162,8 +195,8 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
                     // Kill bird and play sound
                     gameBird.killBird();
                     FlappyBird.audio.hit();
-                } else {
+                }
-
+                else {
                     // Checks if bird passes a pipe
                     if (gameBird.getX() >= p.getX() + Pipe.WIDTH / 2) {
 
@@ -179,7 +212,7 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
         }
     }
 
-    public void gameOver (Graphics g) {
+    protected void paintScoreBoard(Graphics g) {
         // Game over text
         g.drawImage(FlappyBird.textures.get("gameOverText").getImage(),
                 FlappyBird.textures.get("gameOverText").getX(),
@@ -198,8 +231,8 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
         }
 
         // Draw mini fonts for current and best scores
-        drawScore(g, score, true, 303, 276);
+        paintScore(g, score, true, 303, 276);
-        drawScore(g, highscore.bestScore(), true, 303, 330);
+        paintScore(g, highscore.bestScore(), true, 303, 330);
 
         // Handle highscore
         if (score > highscore.bestScore()) {
@@ -231,35 +264,6 @@ public class PlayState extends GameState {
                 FlappyBird.textures.get("leaderboard").getY(), null);
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public void renderGameState(Graphics g) {
-        prepareScreen(g);
-
-        if (gameBird.isAlive()) {
-
-            // Start at instructions state
-            if (inStartGameState) {
-                startGameScreen(g);
-
-            } else {
-                // Start game
-                pipeHandler(g);
-                gameBird.inGameBorders();
-            }
-
-            drawBase(g);                      // Draw base over pipes
-            drawScore(g, score, false, 0, 0); // Draw player score
-
-        } else {
-
-            pipeHandler(g);
-            drawBase(g);
-
-            // Draw game over assets
-            gameOver(g);
-        }
-    }
-
     @Override
     public void handleKeyboardEvent(KeyEvent e) {
         int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();